Transfer of ownership by contract

Section 458 ownership of the property is sold. Would transfer to the buyer from now on. The contracts.

Section 459 if the contract terms or forced to Terms of time. That he has not transferred ownership of the property until the conditions are or are due Terms of time that

Section 460 in the sale of property which does not set down on the course. You do not transfer the title until the means or the Weights and Measures, or selection, or by other means. To indicate the. Of course, that property is already out.
The purchase of only one property. If the seller will still have the Weights and Measures or the other or do anything in relation to the property to be aware of. Of course, the price of such property. You of the title. Not transferred to the buyer or until it has done already.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 5309/2551.
Plaintiff's car from the defendant disputes. Settle some dispute and authorized vehicle to occupy and use. Agreement that the plaintiff must pay for some of the remaining defendants within the two years it will transfer the vehicle registration to the name dispute plaintiff. As long as the plaintiff to pay the rest, the defendant did not complete within two years the defendant will not transfer the vehicle registration as a plaintiff. Is taken of terms of trade acts as a relay shall be Effect until the plaintiff to pay the remaining debt to the defendant to complete ownership of the car. Dispute is not transferred to the buyer as soon as the plaintiff disputes the same car. Car sale agreement is a trade dispute is not done strictly prohibited.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 4643/2551.
Contract between the plaintiff and the defendant, provided that if payments under the contract is not finished machinery and equipment specified in the contract remain the property of the plaintiff. The plaintiff is entitled to return in good condition at any time. The agreement provided for transfer by Civil and Commercial Code, Section 459 agreement when the defendant guilty. The plaintiff terminated the contract. The plaintiff and the defendant would return to the original position. Defendant to return machine equipped with hot water to the plaintiff. The plaintiff filed the lawsuit to force the defendant to return machine equipped with hot water if the night is not the price. It is the case, the plaintiff, as owner of the property monitoring took the property back from the defendant. No right to take under Section 1336, with no limitation

Judgement of the Supreme Court 2496/2551.
While the petitioner and the defendant's car central contracts each defendant has not delivered car Parts of the middle to the petitioner and the petitioner to hold settlement money of 50,000 baht by the defendant's car will be delivered to the petitioner in the middle date of receipt of payment for the rest of it is dealing with conditions under the contract Civil Code Section 459 of the middle car ownership is not transferred until the petitioner will pay the same price and transfer of the petitioner is not a registered owner of the car a true center. No right to apply for the return of the stolen property car Criminal Law Section 36.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 1786/2551.
Trade between the plaintiff and the defendant leaves the ship with the message that Products listed above. Although it had been delivered to the buyer. It is also a property of the seller until the buyer has completed payment slip though the product will not appear signature of the sender and the receiver. But that document is a copy photos directly to the end of the document which the plaintiff said in the lawsuit. Complaint, and attest to the text in the document and then expressly stated for the original loss lost by the defendant to acknowledge Products purchased from the plaintiff as such documents are real. And does not attest to refuse to agree with arguments that do not know the text in that document, so listen to that contract between the plaintiff and the defendant had ownership of the property purchase conditions. Sales are not transferred unless the conditions are as follows: Civil and Commercial Code, Section 459, when the plaintiff has not received payment for goods. Ownership of the property is still dealing with the plaintiff.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 1013/2550.
Contract sales unit between the seller and the plaintiff buyer says sales (units) with parking numbers from 538 to 540, 547 to 549 of the Building parking 5 vehicles to the plaintiff as money 10,014,333 U.S. holds that the plaintiff has title. In units with parking from now on be. Contracts traded, followed Civil and Commercial Code, Section 458, which the plaintiff as owner of the property. Shall be entitled to various as provided in Section 1336.

Parking in the condominium by the state shall hold the other assets that are intended to be used. Or for the mutual benefit for the co-owners. It is the common property. Condominium Act BE 2522, Section 4, but when an agreement to sell units that plaintiff purchased the property to indicate that sales (units) with parking Parking as set forth shall become the property of the plaintiff with units and is not considered "common property" of the condominium anymore, but is "property of the person" of the plaintiff and defendant, a condominium is not to issue regulations or actions. any parking on that later as a convenience to the plaintiff's loss. Who is the owner of the property. Although plaintiff's unpaid common expenses exceeding 6 months, the defendant also like to admonish another separate case. When the defendant to issue regulations prohibiting the plaintiff to the car parked in the car park under an agreement to sell even the plaintiff must be parked in the car to another place. And to pay costs up unnecessarily. Considered as a functional property rights hinder the plaintiff's agreement to sell units. Can be considered an intentional act in violation of the plaintiff. The plaintiff has been damaged. Defendant must pay damages to the plaintiff.

Condominium Act BE 2522, Section 33 states that condominium is intended to manage and maintain common property and shall have the authority to act for the benefit of any such purpose. The defendant to issue regulations that would require cars to park in the car park. Defendant must receive a sticker from the car prior to the defendant, which the management and Custody is the central car park to the same rules. The defendant shall be made as set forth in the Charter to obtain a sticker. Parking in the car park, but any one of the defendants stipulated in Article 2 that co-owner who has the right to obtain a sticker in accordance with Article 1 shall not hold more than 6 months pay public can not be done. Because of the unpaid monthly maintenance fee is a debt that must be impeccable execution under the law to issue regulations as this is an avoidance to not exercise claim to be intended to coerce out the plaintiff will ensure compliance. regulation of the defendant is. Not in compliance with its intention to enforce the law. Condominium Act BE 2522, can not force the plaintiff to remove.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 6337/2550.
Rights under the law are the same style. When in any manner that shall be used features. Be carried out in the provisions on transfer of ownership to the buyer or not in the Civil and Commercial trade is the right diagnosis of the vendor incurred but not insurance. The rights of the insured arising, but the policy will only have to do is go under the policy. When the plaintiff to 1 (the seller) and defendant (insurer) has agreed to all types of insurance that may arise throughout the duration of the carrier to transport goods from origin to destination, Bangkok USA Conditional insurance coverage ends when the plaintiff is not the first carrier to deliver goods to the trading conditions, F. Oh. Crumble, but the protection is always a carrier to transport from origin to destination, Bangkok USA When the goods are lost in transit. The defendant insurer liable for compensation under the contract.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 4767/2549.
Contract disputes indicates that car ownership in the car will fall to the buyer when the price paid in several installments as set out fully and then considered the contract terms. This title is not transferred to the buyer. Until the buyer paid full price. Trading on the condition that the property is transferred in the future together. Sellers may have owned property in the future be issued in advance. And is a function of the seller to transfer the property to the buyer. When the buyer's conditions and operations. Sellers do not need a title to the property at the time the contracts so that the plaintiff and the defendant made the contract of sale car ownership in the property dispute by the parties later on. Even when contracts are not plaintiff's ownership or title to property is not complete. Contract, it has become enforceable. The defendant refused to pay for breach of contract to the plaintiff and caused the plaintiff to terminate the agreement. The plaintiff sued the defendant has the power.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 5591/2543.
Contract, it says permitting sale conditions the agreement in article 1 that the sale agreement to sell and purchase agreement to buy a car, to resolve the price 1,235,680 baht in contracts this will purchase payment to the. it sold 70,000 baht, pending another 1,165,680 baht of the contract that will pay to the person selling a period every month period at 48,570 baht at the offices of the sale be completed within 24 months and 5. This agreement states that the text of the agreement will be valid for the property vested in the people who will buy when it purchased to comply with all the messages in this agreement. And who will sell the right to terminate the agreement and called upon people to buy the property does not comply with this agreement, whether any one or any of that agreement, the agreement is conditional. N / A indicates that a lease that property owners take the property out for rent and pledged to sell the property or the property will be vested right to the lessee. The terms of the lease to the amounts as much as this time, the clause 9 which states that if the purchase failed to pay price as the period is the period which, etc. The purchase lets assume this Agreement shall be deemed immediately from the agenda. The notice is not required and have the right to remove the vehicle without having to buy back the refund paid to buy it. A voluntary agreement of the parties and to protect the interests of the seller not to damage than necessary only when a buyer breach of contract. Find the contracts on the condition turns out not to lease.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 1007/2543.
Petitioner made a contract to acquire vehicles of medium from the sale of the vehicle installment contracts. The agreement requires the petitioner to pay for vehicles of the middle part of the contract date. The remaining repayment period including 24 motorcycles settlement has been reached when the seller had to be transferred. Contract vehicles is the central contract conditions. When it appears that before the civil court ruled to confiscate the vehicles of the middle. Petitioner had not paid the last installment to the seller. Ownership of the motorcycle is still in the middle of the sale, although subsequently the Court of First Instance ruled to confiscate vehicles of any medium. However, vehicles of the mid court ruled to confiscate the land is vested in the Court that if the forfeiture of the final medium. But while the Court to confiscate the property in dispute is not the owner of the property of the medium still has the power to the alienation of their property. When it appears that the District Court has ruled to confiscate the vehicles of the middle. A party without any appeal petition. Court of First Instance that it will be possible only when the duration of the appeal petition is terminated, as provided for in the Code of Civil Procedure Section 147, paragraph two contains the Code of Criminal Procedure, Section 15, so before the Court of First Instance that. will be final. The seller of motorcycle ownership in the middle can also be transferred in the middle of the motorcycle to the petitioner. When the petitioner has the final settlement before the Court of First Instance to confiscate vehicles of medium is most The seller can transfer to the petitioner. And held that the petitioner is the owner of the real center of a motorcycle has the right to apply for the return of the Central. When the petitioner and the seller, the original owner of the motorcycle while the middle is used to retain the offender is not responsible for the offense. It should return to the vehicles of the mid-barker

Judgement of the Supreme Court 2489/2536.
Contract dispute Car conditions indicate that the disputed ownership of the vehicle is not transferred to the buyer. Until full payment for the period specified in the contract shall come into force under the Civil and Commercial Code, Section 459 and the contract states that if the buyer failed to pay the price period. Sellers have the right to dispute and possession of vehicle by public auction shall be entitled to, and when sold was not enough money. Buyers willing to pay money that is lacking. When the buyer failed to pay the price and the seller took the vehicle auction disputes under the Civil and Commercial Code, Section 470, and 471 had no money and then 55,260 more U.S. buyer and guarantor is liable. It is considered a cash settlement price of the car is missing. And the amount of the contract does not require any of the damages it is not a penalty. Contract No. 6 in the second paragraph states that if the buyer failed various payment schedules specified in the contract. Or failed to pay any debt under this Agreement, the buyer agrees to pay interest to the vendor rate 15 percent per year, amounting to 55,260 baht, a silver price of cars disputes absent is the annuity various stimuli from the user. Buy failed to pay the plaintiff the period specified in the contract the seller had the right to charge interest rate of 15 percent per year from the purchase contract.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 3728/2535.
Contract which states that car. Proprietary trading vehicles will not be transferred to the buyer until the buyer paid full price causes the cash amount specified in the contract before then. The contract terms. Forced together by the Civil and Commercial Code, Section 459, when the parties agreed purchase price of the course, and a number of plaintiffs who sold to the defendant to pay a buyer bids on a contract of hire purchase price, then the rest of the period. And an agreement that if the buyer defaulted payment for any period. Allow a seller to the buyer pay for the remaining 15 per cent and interest rates all year immediately following the first defendant to be bound by the contract. When the defendant. 1 does not comply with the contract by late payment for the period agreed upon by the defendant that a plaintiff is liable to pay interest as well as terms and the third defendant as the guarantor, it must be jointly liable with Although it may appear to come before the settlement period in which 14 cars were traded by criminal theft did not appear to be the fault of the plaintiff or a defendant, but whether the contract specifies clearly that Duties and liabilities of the purchase will not exhaustive due to loss of motor vehicles is still a defendant is liable to pay plaintiff in full vehicle price. Because such agreements, except provisions of section 372, first paragraph of the Civil and Commercial Code. The provisions of the law relating to non-public peace or public morality. The parties would have agreed otherwise. Not void under section 114 (same).

Judgement of the Supreme Court 4643/2551.
Contract between the plaintiff and the defendant, provided that if payments under the contract is not finished. Machinery and equipment specified in the agreement remain the property of the plaintiff. The plaintiff is entitled to return in good condition at any time. The agreement provided for transfer by Civil and Commercial Code, Section 459 agreement when the defendant guilty. The plaintiff terminated the contract. The plaintiff and the defendant would return to the original position. Defendant to return machine equipped with hot water to the plaintiff. The plaintiff filed the lawsuit to force the defendant to return machine equipped with hot water. If the night is not the price. It is the case, the plaintiff, as owner of the property monitoring took the property back from the defendant has no right to take under Section 1336, with no limitation

Judgement of the Supreme Court 2496/2551.
While the petitioner and the defendant contracts car center each defendant has not delivered the car central to the petitioner and the petitioner to hold settlement money of 50,000 baht by the defendant to deliver the car central to the petitioner in date of receipt of payment for the rest. There is agreement that the conditions under Commercial Code, Section 459 of the middle car ownership is not transferred until the petitioner will pay for each registration and transfer. Petitioner is not the owner of the car a true center. No right to apply for the return of the stolen property car Criminal Code Section 36.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 3335/2548.
Defendant to combat just that. Plaintiff's complaint, which said the state charged with breach of contract, the defendant transferred the right hire. However, the application shall refund to the defendant to the plaintiff. Defendant could not understand what the intention that the plaintiff can not fight the case properly. Words of the defendant does not describe that. The plaintiff to sue any ambiguous or not clear how Content of the complaint or how conflicts. The reader may not understand. Treated as words that are not clear. There is no issue to be diagnosed.
Agreement between the plaintiff and the defendant is a trading vehicle disputes by allowing the plaintiff the defendant who sold the installment purchase price and the condition that the plaintiff is a transfer of the installment price on completion. Contract is conditional on a transfer of ownership under the Civil and Commercial Code, Section 459 on the trading price of real estate agreements from 500 baht to not even have evidence in writing signed by the party liable. But if a regular place or have some debt, then the parties would have the same enforcement lawsuit under Section 456 paragraph two and paragraph three When the defendant disputes the plaintiff agreed to sell cars at a price of 200,000 baht and the installment payment to the plaintiff determines that plaintiff has put 95,000 regular and part payment to the defendant. The plaintiff then sued to force the case.
The plaintiff the defendant agreed to terminate the contract dispute by trading cars voluntary mutual The plaintiff and the defendant would return to the same position as is. According to the Civil and Commercial Code, Section 391, when the plaintiff gave the defendant back to car disputes. Defendant has the duty to return money received to the plaintiff. With interest The age of the plaintiff's claims under Section 193/30 of 10 years.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 7160/2545.
Petitioner is to purchase the disputed land with buildings on the land and its service stations by the defendant. Paid to some of the cost and ownership of the contract, then traded. The petitioner is entitled to purchase a call to the defendant, who will sell the assets transferred under the contract will be traded to the petitioner by the petitioner must pay the remaining cost. Prior to the transfer of possession is possession by the defendant's right to live. Considered not that the petitioner is responsible specifically for the Code of Civil Procedure Section 296 quarter (3) the petitioner is the subject of the defendant, which is a court driven Enforcement Officer shall have the power to do so, follow Cmbeongceb issued. the sentence was. Find the right to force the case is not unlawful.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 8325/2543.
Although trade disputes between the B scale. And the defendant have agreed that if the data. Buyers can not pay money to the defendant sellers. In any event, whether by allowing the defendant to accept the settlement scales back, instantly regardless of the scale is disputing any place. However, the trade balance is traded on movable property and to identify certain price, and did not appear to have an agreement to purchase it. If the buyer does not pay full price to sell property owned by the seller until the buyer to pay full price at all. Contract is not conditional, but a final contract finished even text. Will not settle for the defendant. Disputing ownership of the scales would have to transfer data. And then from the time when the contracts under the Commercial Code, Section 458, the plaintiff assignee scale disputes come from. Would have disputed the ownership of the scales. regardless of whether the plaintiff was aware that information. Buy Scales dispute from the defendant and has not paid the price or not. Scales of the defendant is not disputing it.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 7531/2543.
Lease cars between defendants 1 and accused 2, serves to camouflage the contract of sale must be provision in the law dealing comes into force the defendant to a just delivered the car disputes by not delivering the document in the registration of the defendant, 2. show that a defendant does not intend to transfer until the second defendant to pay full price. When the defendant. 2 are not comprehensive settlement. Ownership is not vested in the defendant, the plaintiff purchased two vehicles from the defendants dispute that 2 is not proprietary. And no authority to sue a defendant.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 5591/2543.
Contract, it says permitting sale conditions the agreement in article 1 that the sale agreement to sell and purchase agreement to buy a car, to resolve the price 1,235,680 baht in contracts this will purchase payment to the. it sold 70,000 baht, pending another 1,165,680 baht of the contract that will pay to the person selling a period every month period at 48,570 baht at the offices of the sale be completed within 24 months and 5. This agreement states that the text of the agreement will be valid for the property vested in the people who will buy when it purchased to comply with all the messages in this agreement. And who will sell the right to terminate the agreement and called upon people to buy the property does not comply with this agreement, whether any one or any of that agreement, the agreement is conditional. N / A indicates that a lease that property owners take the property out for rent and pledged to sell the property or the property will be vested right to the lessee. The terms of the lease to the amounts as much as this time, the clause 9 which states that if the purchase failed to pay price as the period is the period which, etc. The purchase lets assume this Agreement shall be deemed immediately from the agenda. The notice is not required and have the right to remove the vehicle without having to buy back the refund paid to buy it. A voluntary agreement of the parties and to protect the interests of the seller not to damage than necessary only when a buyer breach of contract. Find the contracts on the condition turns out not to lease.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 4503/2540.
The right to lease the property to a type of trade deals under contract rights under the lease contract between the plaintiff and the defendant is a final contract completion. Yes, by agreement with Constraint after not because the plaintiff and the defendant buyer who has agreed to sell the name and agreed to sell the right to terminate the purchase agreement is completed. The defendant, who sold the lease rights to deliver the right of lease to the plaintiff, the plaintiff buyer and the buyer has to pay royalties under the contract to the defendant and the seller. After the contracts. The defendant sold a car to deliver the objects of rights under the lease to the plaintiff buyer the right to occupy and exploit the rights of the lease then.
Which is the Section 406 P.wi.po. Lapamicyrnadg under which that person must be on the property because of another person without payment information to the legal claims. But the case when the defendant has the right contracts and hire-purchase contract disputes legally. When the defendant sold the rights to the plaintiff. Proceeds from sale of property rights, which acquired lawfully. If the defendant is not a Lapamicyrnadg do not have a refund to the plaintiff. The plaintiff is the party that failed to pay the lease payments to the company and cause the defendant to hire a contract with the leasing company based on damage to track car in order to deliver the company to hire. But which the plaintiff's unilateral mistake. The plaintiff, a defendant does not consider the parties voluntarily terminate the lease agreement to the same rights as from the date of the defendant seized the bus back from the plaintiff disputes.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 6351/2537.
Contracts specify that the tractor. Ownership of the property still belongs to the seller until the buyer to the seller until payment is complete. As ownership of the tractor is not transferred to the buyer until the buyer to pay full price then.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 2489/2536.
Contract dispute Car conditions indicate that the disputed ownership of the vehicle is not transferred to the buyer. Until full payment for the period specified in the contract shall apply to the Civil and Commercial Code, Section 459 and the contract states that if the buyer failed to pay the price period. Sellers have the right to dispute and possession of vehicle by public auction shall be entitled to, and when sold was not enough money. Buyers willing to pay money that is lacking.

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Section 453 that a trade agreement which the person is a party called the seller of the property transferred to the other person called the buyer and the buyer agree to use the assets to the seller.

Section 454 of the one party promised before to buy or sell will have the effect of trading when the other party notice of intention to make the transaction complete, and all such notices to the individuals. The promise then.
If the commitment is not scheduled to notice, then know that You that the people who are committed to set a reasonable time and notice to the parties to the other party to respond to a course within the prescribed time to complete the transaction through or not. If no answer, and is certainly within that time know that That have committed before it shall be annulled.

Section 455 when it's time to go before trading. You mean that when the contracts and successfully complete

Section 456 of real estate transaction. If not registered by the authority in writing and void. Use this method to trading vessels are liable to up to five tons. The patch dealing with vehicles and animals.
Contract to sell or buy. Or committed in the sale of the property as stated in paragraph one. If no evidence either in writing signed by the liable party is important. Or place or a regular payment and then some. Sued to force the case to find no
The provisions mentioned in the previous paragraph. Shall apply to contracts of movable property that is the price agreed upon by the two thousand Baht Or more than that with

Section 457 Fees contracts that Suppliers should use the same two parties.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 2889/2553.
While plaintiff's land contract dispute from the defendant, a requirement that the plaintiff did not transfer the land dispute. The land acts as expressly prohibited by law. Would void the Commercial Code, Section 150 plaintiff has no obligation to settle the remaining land to the other defendant, the plaintiff made a contract to purchase land because of land disputes are not aware of the dispute. Before that land disputes are the subject of law, the prohibition on transfer. If the plaintiff is not acting arbitrarily as if to settle the debt. Know that he is not bound to pay or act on which the debt. Violates the prohibition by law or morality, the Commercial Code, Section 407 and Section 411 that a defendant must refund the cost of land has been paid to the plaintiff.

The plaintiff claims trading and permitting the court to the fact that the contract Land disputes between the plaintiff and the defendant, one does not refer to the fact that as a receipt. So there's no stamp duty and no restrictions are placed on the hearing of evidence by the fiscal P. Section 118.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 2542/2553.
The purchase and sale agreement is a preliminary contract. Contracts later was to make a request in accordance with an agreement to purchase To sell to the rich. Unless the contract is canceled or altered by agreement in the purchase and sale agreement to buy and sell contracts, so it is part of the contract. As a binding contract agreement.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 2493/2553.
Contracts to buy and sell specific units that Miss condominium project. Condominium is located on a land plot area of ​​380 square meters, but the actual plot of land with an area of ​​only 200 square meters, so the act is wrong conditions in the agreement. Part of the condominium parking is not specified in the agreement to buy and sell units that will be at How many parking spaces and condominiums planned publications did not specify how many cars will Parking is the same. 17 parking spaces exist in the application of the construction of a defendant filed only Saen Suk Municipality. Truth condominium parking 6 cars, so the only breach the conditions for permits to Saen Suk Municipality. The Municipality of San Suk was the prosecution in this section a defendant, is not a case where the defendant failing to comply with pledges or ad provided to people to buy. Moreover, the defendant, a condominium is not in the organized force of the parking area under the Ministerial Regulation No. 7 (2517) assumes that the plaintiff and Rs. Mistake in this Article is not.

Breach of conditions set in the flesh the land condominiums that do not follow. Contracts to buy and sell units is not significant of the purchase and sale agreement is void because the defendant agreed to a contract to buy and sell units, not land Apartment, property which is the object of the purchase and sale contract. Breach of the terms in the land of meat is just a mistake in the property. Condominium which is void under Section 157 Commercial Code, which will clear within a year to tell from the time of ratification may be, or within 10 years after the act which made void by the Commercial Code, Section 181 agreements. the purchase and sale is not void.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 5801/2552.
Defendant sold the land under the Certificate, A. and L. Parent The plaintiff did not register with the competent because the defendant stating that if The money will come back to buy later. But the contracts with the delivery of Certificate and land. To take possession of their belongings. If you have any of that money will come back later to buy the property back such as the nature of redemption. Contract of sale with the Commercial Code, Section 491 is not listed on the official would void the Commercial Code, Section 456, paragraph one problem that the act of sale made a mistake or a void. Legal problems concerning public order. Supreme Court's decision has raised the power Civil Code Procedure Section 142 (5) of Section 246 and 247.

L to the district and land tenure disputes, it is even later, instead of the defendant to death, and A. L. deliver possession of the land dispute to the plaintiff. Land tenure disputes the plaintiff's land disputes must be considered instead. Defendants until further notice based on the changing nature of the Commercial Code, Section 1381, or until the defendant is the intention to take possession of the Commercial Code, Section 1377 and 1379 the plaintiff's testimony that Plaintiff by the defendant to transfer title to the defendant as a plaintiff three times, but the defendant did not consent. It held that the notice does not change the nature of Section 1381 are based on the above, but urge that the defendant is not the intention of taking possession under Section 1377 and 1379 the plaintiff has not bought or land disputes. Land disputes are the only Certificate. Defendant shall have the right to request changes to a plot of land under the Land Code.

When it appears that land disputes have gone from a Certificate deed Defendant shall have the ownership of land and land disputes. The plaintiff is owned only by the Crnobcrnoongprpeuษt only Despite the fact that after listening to a land dispute with a land title deed and the plaintiff was. Notice of change based on the characteristics of the Commercial Code, Section 1381, but even when the plaintiff to sue on the plaintiff to possession of less than 10 years of land disputes are not owned by Hostile possession the Commercial Code, Section 1382.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 2154/2552.
Land contract between the plaintiff and the defendant says. Due to land disputes contact the mortgage bank. If the plaintiff redeemed when the mortgage is registered immediately transferred to the defendant. This contract is an agreement to purchase land under the Commercial Code, Section 456, paragraph two, which must be evidenced in writing ... or a place regularly or have to pay some debts. Then the execution is impeccable. When an agreement to purchase this land has written a message that the plaintiff. The price received by the defendant to complete from the date of January 23, 2541 hearing of evidence, the court must be in accordance with the provisions of P.wi.po. Section 94 (b) the plaintiff is the successor to witness that. In fact, the plaintiff received only 90,000 baht for land for land remaining to the defendant to pay to the Bank Wed plaintiff to pay the mortgage debt on the land to the banks did not. Because the hearing person changes the text in the document.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 5962/2551.
Am only give the land to grow house accident B., excluding home And enhance homeland cause the plaintiff to demolish to create new Because the home is not an acquisition of land and raised in a manner movable. Non-real estate assets. Lifting the house scene is complete without looking must be in writing and registered. Civil and Commercial Code, Section 456 authority under paragraph one.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 6436/2550.
Defendant to the plaintiff a land dispute and possession delivered to then. With no intent to contract in writing is void. But a land dispute Dendinamืoepenr. The first defendant to deliver possession of the transfer of disputed land to the plaintiff under Commercial Code Section 1378 land dispute is the plaintiff the defendant has no right to register a transfer of ownership to the two defendants because the transferee has no right. better than the transferor.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 675/2550.
The land dispute between the plaintiff and the meters are not registered by the authority. Void the Commercial Code, Section 456, paragraph one, but when the trade is also a land dispute Land, empty-handed Village has just bought or delivered only on m and the plaintiff to possess the disputed land and then. The plaintiff would have bought or under Section 1377 and 1378, which came with a possessory right to the possession under the law. Is not acquired under the contract of sale shall m no duty to act in a way that you have to register transfer of disputed land to the plaintiff. The plaintiff sued for it has no power to force a defendant to the heirs of M. m. withdraw from a disputed plot of land.

The Supreme Court 7422 - 7426/2549.
Land disputes have divided pm to petitioner as part of the five individuals who sings along with the delivery of possession of land to each petitioner to serve the land promised by the PM to register ownership. to each petitioner in the area after the petitioner each purchase, but died hours before. The process is not only the separation and transfer of land to the petitioner indicating that each land dispute pm. And sing all five. Who buy the land. They are intended to contracts and the registration of land ownership dispute in writing to the official authorities in the future. When a trading division of land is only the action was successful. The land dispute between the petitioner and five hours. It is a contract to buy and sell Trading is not done strictly prohibited. All five of the petitioner to take possession of the land in dispute is that each person possesses. It is based on the rights of possession pm, the purchase and sale agreement. Of land disputes, which take hours, not to rely instead, as the owner. When the petitioner did not appear to have changed the nature of the notice to take am not intentionally take land disputes instead of the Commercial Code, Section 1381 even if the petitioner to occupy the land dispute more than 10 consecutive years, it's not proprietary. Hostile possession by the Commercial Code, Section 1382.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 7183/2549.
The plaintiff sued the defendant that the petition be vague Defendant never received notice to demand payment. Contract claims between the plaintiff and the Organization for Reform of Financial System (Prs.) to act outside the purpose of the plaintiff. But the Court of First Instance did not diagnose the problem. And the plaintiff did not appeal the issue to Sreouthrnntprc 3 is both law and fact that the parties have not been raised by the Supreme Court did not like the Court of Appeal Region 3 Civil Code Procedure been diagnosed according to the Article 249, paragraph one
Contract non-performing assets of Prs. Between the plaintiff and the Prs. Arising out of that. King of Financial Sector Restructuring Act 2540 Section 7 (3) empowers the Prs. Liquidator has the power company suspended operations in which the case is capital firms M. C. . C. Co., Ltd. (Thailand), because the banks and financial companies can not continue to operate. Decree and the first paragraph of Article 30 also empowers the Prs. Have the power to sell assets to liquidation of the company has more openly with the bidding. When the plaintiff is the auction of assets and loans, which the defendant is a debtor of the banks and financial companies such. The plaintiff's trade is based on. King of Financial Reform Act 2540 that the contracts are not derivatives of each other. And not an act aimed against the public order.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 6315/2549.
Civil and Commercial Code, Section 457 applies to the parties in the contracts. This is a matter between the buyer and the seller only The registration fee right of redemption to be paid by Por land is state money collected from farmers as compensation by the State to serve the people who Por land subject to section 104 the applicant is free of charge. Which debt incurred by the law and look at the share of debt is not paid. Without regard to the people who filed an application for registration of rights and juristic act together, the parties shall agree a fee so the plaintiff shall be entitled to call for a buyer or selling one or two of them to pay fees absent. all.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 6289/2549.
Permitting defendants to fight the trade date, the parties shall not be transferable to register it. Is not a contract to buy and sell Even without paying for Point two places set to any issue in dispute. But the problem that permitting the plaintiff to sue to force the case to the Commercial Code, Section 456 is not that The law in relation with the public order. The defendant shall be entitled to raise claims of Appeals as Civil Code Procedure Section 225, paragraph two of the Court of Appeal Region 1 not get a diagnosis that is not like
Letter text in trading. Despite stating that the seller has received the deposit in the amount of one and let the buyer pay for the rest within a year, with the property that any dealing. But without any text at the intent of the parties shows that if the buyer paid full price then. Buyers and sellers are going to make a written contract and register with the authority to later. Letter of the contracts is absolutely finished. When not made correctly according to law is void under Civil and Commercial Code, Section 456, paragraph one of the plaintiff could not sue to enforce the trade and permitting the defendant as the trustee to transfer the disputed land.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 6229/2549.
A. Land, a land dispute with a Certificate in writing to the plaintiff but did not register the transfer of rights together, but district officials intent on taking possession of land disputes and the transfer of disputed land occupied by delivering to the plaintiff. And the plaintiff to possess with intent to rely on their purchase of land disputes, so the district has ended, and the plaintiff shall have possessory right to the Commercial Code, Section 1367, 1377 and 1378 A. No owner, A. and no right to mortgage the land dispute to the two defendants because the Commercial Code, Section 705 prohibited the mortgage has no effect. Without regard to whether the defendants 2, the mortgagee innocently or not, because the right of acquisition of property shall not be raised as a defense a third party who is entitled to the charge compensation in good faith and has registered rights in good faith then. the Commercial Code, Section 1299, paragraph two must have a right to land has been registered. And the right to have the documents must be issued by the love of the land. When the title deed dispute did not like the two defendants claimed to be caused by the land did not like the accused has not Case is not governed by Section 1299 of the second paragraph of the plaintiff has the power to sue for the revocation of acts over land dispute between the district and the defendant was the second.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 4767/2549.
Contract disputes indicates that car ownership in the car will fall to the buyer when the price paid in several installments as set out fully and then considered the contract terms. This title is not transferred to the buyer. Until the buyer paid full price. Trading on the condition that the property is transferred in the future together. Sellers may have owned property in the future be issued in advance. And is a function of the seller to transfer the property to the buyer. When the buyer's conditions and operations. Sellers do not need a title to the property at the time the contracts so that the plaintiff and the defendant made the contract of sale car ownership in the property dispute by the parties later on. Even when contracts are not plaintiff's ownership or title to property is not complete. Contract, it has become enforceable. The defendant refused to pay for breach of contract to the plaintiff and caused the plaintiff to terminate the agreement. The plaintiff sued the defendant has the power.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 2618/2549.
Bankruptcy is a case where the plaintiff sued the defendant that the debt situations. Issue is whether the defendant has no liability or situations. This case is a separate issue with the plaintiff sued the defendant asked to enforce payment to the plaintiff in debt contracts. So it's not the same as Article 173, paragraph two P.wi.po. not a lawsuit waiting.
Agreement contract land between the defendant, one with the defendant, 2 is the defendant, a transfer of rights and responsibilities in compliance with contracts with the plaintiff to the defendant 2 is not only to transfer claims to the plaintiff. 2 only if the defendant is not subject to transfer claims it can not take the Commercial Code, Section 306 in force. However, the plaintiff and the defendant has made a second later agreed that The plaintiff and the defendant 2 has contracts soil, a soil conversion with the defendant that a contract will trade from the plaintiff and the defendant, 2 the excavation of the plaintiff to complete and then accused the two to pay the earth to the plaintiff. complete Can be considered as a contract between the plaintiff and the defendant, a creditor, a debtor who the two new Would have the effect of new debt with a debtor under Section 350, which changed the debts between the plaintiff and the defendant to an end shall be suspended in accordance with Section 349, then the plaintiff has no authority to sue a defendant liable under land contract.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 2551/2549.
A defendant disputes the plaintiff's land. The land contract disputes clause 2 states that "a contract that If the liquidation saw Or transfer of business to any person. Or the buyer does not serve this piece of land. Buyer agrees to sell back to the seller in person in accordance with Article 1 In addition, the seller agreed to be purchased in writing "is the commitment of the defendant to one that the plaintiff has the right to buy land dispute back from the defendant, one on the defendant to a dissolution of sawmill or transfer of business to others. Or do not land disputes. Such commitment is a commitment to purchase property which the law is that If there is no evidence either in writing signed by the liable party is important. Or regular place or have some debt. To sue for enforcement is not the Commercial Code, Section 456, paragraph two law enforcement determined that such a commitment must be registered by the officials to be sued to force the case was not in any way. When the pledges made in writing and signed by the two defendants as the managing partner of the defendant to a plaintiff and a defendant's seal has sued to force the case.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 5915/2548.
If the buyer and the seller did not agree on fees for the sale of land set aside as something else. Buyer and seller must charge the same parties under Section 457 of the Commercial Code, when a defendant who sell land to the defendant, two buyers agreed on fees for registration and that the act. each partner equally under the deposit the purchase and sale document refers Mon 2 defendants 1 and 2 are required to pay the liability equally. The plaintiff referred to the two defendants jointly liable for the fees by not filing.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 3970/2548.
9 Sreouthrnntprc ruled that permitting trade between the plaintiff and the helicopter is a contract of sale that is similar to the final contract completion. The contracts themselves are void. The plaintiff can not claim ownership of the home purchase contract of sale in accordance with it. Permit the use of land and buildings at the Department of Public Welfare agreed to allow plaintiffs to use the disputed land. Look like a rental agreement. This is the right person. The plaintiff can not force other than the parties. Defendant disputed land and houses before the plaintiff had not disputed possession of land and houses. Do not hold that the actions of the defendant disputed the plaintiff's rights under the lease. The plaintiff has no power to sue. The plaintiff's petition that the district who rent land and home to the defendant disputes. Not transfer the rights and licenses from the Department of Public Welfare has possession of the district is occupied by illegal since the beginning. And to live in a land dispute and the defendant's home is a disputed right to the plaintiff. Not an argument against the decision to sentence Sreouthrnntprc 9 in any way. The petition is not in compliance with Section 249, paragraph one of the Supreme Court Cicil Code Procedure not been diagnosed.
Contract between the plaintiff and the helicopter is a real estate contract of sale. This is absolutely one of contract completion. Form must follow the Civil and Commercial Code, Section 456, paragraph one, if not made in writing and registered by the authority. Shall become null and void.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 2675/2548.
That at a car sales contract to the plaintiff, instead of debt by converting debt to purchase a car instead. Can be considered a debt under a new Commercial Code, Section 349, first paragraph, however. Letter purchase cars such conditions are noted that while the seller does not deliver the property sold to the buyer shall be deemed to have no trade, so it considered the case of debt, which will should arise because the debt that new to did not occur. Debt was the Commercial Code, Section 351 loans are not the end of the suspension. In this case, holding that the plaintiff has the evidence of the loan book is to show then. And need not be the case that stamp duty under the income tax Grad.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 1765/2548.
Disputed land is the land allocation of the second defendant cooperative contracts of land disputes are governed by the terms do not transfer. Land Allocation Act BE 2511, living first paragraph of Article 12 agreements on land disputes between the plaintiff and the defendant made within a period of 5 years from the date the defendant received a Certificate (. Nor Sor 3 Kor) aims is expressly prohibited by law. Commercial Code is void under Section 150 even though the plaintiff may take possession of land and disputes. It is considered just a land dispute on behalf of the defendant that an owner of the land dispute and the defendant, one has the right to the land to the mortgaged to the defendant, 2 the plaintiff can not be sued for the cancellation of the mortgaged land dispute between two defendants.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 736/2548.
The plaintiff is the plaintiff's accounts receivable for shares purchased from the defendant that the defendant is S. Director is authorized to act on behalf of Agriculture and land improvements with that. Its placenta and its hospital, which the plaintiff is authorized on behalf of the plaintiff. Defendant agreed to take the money, which is debtor S. Wor. to offset their share of the plaintiff to pay a fee to pay to the defendant. This case, like other debt instead of debt to be preserved under an agreement Commercial Code, Section 321, paragraph one
The plaintiff sued the defendants share a money payment returned due to break up the share purchase agreement. Find the right to sue to force the defendant to comply with the share purchase agreement is not. This case, no law on the age, especially Therefore the 10-year old Civil and Commercial Code, Section 193/30.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 402/2548.
Letter home sale transaction between the plaintiff and the defendant is a real estate contract. When officials are not registered to void the Commercial Code, Section 456, paragraph one of this house was built on land owned by the State Property Ministry, so the defendant is a possessor of land and house building. only. When the defendant made an agreement to sell the land and home to the plaintiff. And delivery of land and home to the plaintiff by the plaintiff to receive compensation. So listen to the defendant taking possession of the land and house ownership transfer to the plaintiff under Section 1377 and then 1378 and the defendant shall also recognize the right of the plaintiff for a contract to lease the plaintiff. Demonstrates that the defendant take possession of land and houses instead of the plaintiff. Breach of contract when the defendant and the plaintiff does not wish to rent to the defendant in the land and home again. The plaintiff has the power to expel the defendant sued.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 8716/2547.
The plaintiff contracted to a music rights for the accused to an amount of 200,000 baht and take notes at the end license agreement that song. If the defendant has sold, or use the copyright in musical works. Defendants will share the benefit of the plaintiff that a total of 50 percent of the funds received from the sale or use of copyright A case seen as the remuneration of Baht 200,000 specified in the contract rights in the song is too little, yet the defendant license to buy music that I do not want to pay higher, while contract Therefore choose to increase benefits from the sale of rights or permission to use copyrighted music in the musical in the future. This behavior was not a plaintiff and the defendant agreed to a joint enterprise with the intention to share profits, but business should be done in a manner that a partnership agreement establishing the Commercial Code, Section 1012 therefore does not listen. license agreement that music has made a deliberate spoof of the first plaintiff and the defendant, which is intended to camouflage into a partnership agreement under which the plaintiff claims that it is an agreement to transfer the copyright in musical works. The five plaintiffs are not the copyright owner anymore. But would be eligible for benefits under the agreement only

Judgement of the Supreme Court 3194/2547.
Defendant to the plaintiff's contract, advertising, products and goods to the plaintiff the defendant will agree to advertise a product to product. When the ads, the defendant agreed to pay advertising costs to the plaintiff. Defendant that the plaintiff is not intended to be a transfer of ownership in the property is one of the defendants. And the defendant agreed to that price. Not to look the Civil and Commercial Code Book 3 contracts with a trading style. But it is the plaintiff contractor agreed to complete the advertisement of goods to the defendant employer. And the defendant agreed to pay for advertising or Sinhgrong success of the work. Into the nature of employment made by the Commercial Code, Section 587.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 412/2547.
The plaintiff claims that the land owners and occupiers of land disputes. Defendant refused to transfer a name plaintiff in the disputed plot of land which the plaintiff's rights under Section 55 Civil Code Procedure. Although the sale of land between the plaintiff and the defendant will not be made in writing and registered by the authority which makes void any contract. But while the land sale contract is not a document of title. Only Certificate. When the defendant to deliver possession. The plaintiff shall have possessory right in land dispute When the defendant the right to dispute. The plaintiff has the power to sue
Period under Commercial Code Section 1375, paragraph two is the right time to take legal action to regain possession of the No land documents. No matter the age. This case the plaintiff sued the defendant registered the plaintiff's separate property. The plaintiff is the owner of the land. Cases, there is no competition issues which will need to possess the right to sue, which call for return of possession within a year from the time of the taking of possession. The plaintiff has the right to prosecute even when more than one year from the date on which the defendant requested the title deeds.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 4961/2546.
Transfer claims, which non-performing assets in the income of the defendant to the plaintiff was forced to sue a financial institution claims to be the case in court. According to the provisions of Section 7 of the king's asset management companies. Commercial Code is not void under section 150.
The transfer of claims between the plaintiff and the Asset Management Company on Wed transferee transferee has authorized the plaintiff, a former recipient debt litigation attorney instead. Holding that the debt was assigned a representative payee and the debt charges incurred under section 9 of the king's order to transfer the claims between the plaintiff and the Asset Management Company shall be legitimate, so Wed. Law without notice to the defendant transferred to the debtor under the Commercial Code, Section 306 asset management companies are eligible Wed petition to put right as a party plaintiff was represented by its executive king. Section 7, the assets of First Instance order to allow asset management companies Wed to wear a pair of right instead of the plaintiff is well

Judgement of the Supreme Court 3952/2546.
The plaintiff and the defendant had to file the official land ownership to the land surveying division. But I can not agree. Because the plaintiff's land lost about 30 square meters of land to the plaintiff the plaintiff's 100 square but the defendant did not consent. Would hold that the right of the plaintiff argues the defendant is already The plaintiff has the power to sue
The plaintiff accused the land sale contract by the plaintiff to hold ownership of a certain area is 100 square meters for surveying the defendant on plaintiff's property divided in separate parts of their land out. Appeared to land conversion and missing 30 square meters to take the space that the defendant claimed that the missing offset from the pulp and the conversion of land to the plaintiff under the separation of land in the deed did not find it. The plaintiff has ownership of the land of 100 square meters by the real market.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 2733/2546.
Contracts made between the opposition and accused the two are labeled, but only that. The opposition has sold cars of the mid to defendant 2 in Price 320,000 baht for deposit to 170,000 baht while the remaining 150,000 baht will be paid on January 29, 2541 agreement it is a contract done strictly at the break. Settlement price for two periods only, so when the contract finished. In car ownership would transfer to the second defendant, the buyer, pursuant to the Civil and Commercial Code, Section 458 agreement is not conditional on a transfer of ownership under the Civil and Commercial Code, Section 459 of the car owner's objections are not central. Has no right to file an objection. Request that the court has ordered returned to the car's central objection is.

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Amnesty

Section 449 any person when the action is protected by a legitimate act according to good order lawful good. If you cause injury to others you find that the person was not liable for the claim.
The damage may be a cause for compensation from the need to protect individuals from unlawful or in violation of the command is optional.

Section 450 if the person doing damage or destruction of property is one thing to parry the danger that treatment with a public emergency. You did not need the compensation if the damage is not unreasonable danger
If a person, damage or destruction to property is one thing to be treated with a parry to the dangers of private emergency that requires the property back.
If a person, damage or destruction to property is one thing to protect their rights or a third party from danger by the emergency, because the property itself is a reason that people like this is liable for the claims not If damage is not unreasonable, but if danger arises because of the person's own fault. You must remember that the liability for compensation.

Section 451 is to protect the personal use of their rights. If the circumstances are asked to assist the court or creditor who does not promptly and, if not made immediately by the disaster is as it ought to be their right, it must defer to the more or disappearance was injured know that You find that the person was not liable for the claim.
The use of force in the preceding paragraph that You need to limit strenuous, but only that needed to be treated only parry danger.
If a person who acts in the paragraph beginning missing presumed lost because there is reason to need to do so by law, know that Him, he will be liable for the compensation to others, even the fall of the missing will not be because of their negligence.

Section 452 would like to retain property of another catch to the damage in real estate, and kept it as an insurance claim should be required for their circumstances and even if it is necessary to kill the animal waste it like that. possible.
But it must be notice to the owner of the animal without delay. If the owner of the animals and find no indication that the catch must be managed as appropriate for

Judgement of the Supreme Court 684/2538.
Villain had pierced the wall of the block plant theft defendant took goods from the factory to the workers. The defendant has to figure out how to prevent the danger before it reaches the wire to stretch. The wooden square is located at the ground to release the electrical wires on the scene. Brick walls block factory is drilling the same defendant, who died as a brick wall, drill block. Then duck into the factory to steal, but the defendant, who died four foot wood. Sided with electricity through the wire and was shot to death the defendant had assumed. Action is protected by a defendant shall be unlawful for amnesty shall not be liable to pay compensation to the plaintiff under the Civil and Commercial Code, Section 449 that a W c.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 7362/2537.
Prisoners take hostage to cause misfortune to be tied in pairs, with prisoners walking out holding one grenade and threatened with said ball lift. Pretending to throw grenade into Division 2 for the defendant to them is only 4-5 m 2, which is accused of commanding the prison. Then ordered the officers to use firearms, shooting prisoners before such an order. The meeting agreed that the shooting at a meeting with the. Officer fired for each individual to prison is not a random shooting into a group that also brought misfortune Shows that the two defendants are to carefully use caution for the safety of the hostages at best. And must be ordered because the inmates suddenly pretending to lift grenade. Throw them to the defendant, 2 and the grenade explode and prisoners are hostages to death can be considered as force majeure. Accused 2, and they do not act in violation of the plaintiff. Corrections Act BE 2479 Section 17 (a) (3), 21 prison officers are not liable for the consequences of their actions either way. Civil or criminal actions, when in good faith and actions that follow. Conditions specified in Section 4, whether the victim is a prisoner or any other person. So even if the hostages died because of such action. The ten defendants will not be liable for compensation.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 2372/2537.
The plaintiff and the defendant is a foreign trade operators movie together before the plaintiff has the rights to projector. Movie dispute that a defendant can introduce advertising disputes before the movie. Later, when the plaintiff has the movie rights disputes. Plaintiff similar ads in the daily newspaper that the plaintiff purchased a movie, spending a dispute to the defendant at a lose face hurt when the plaintiff began to cry film then went on to dispute the ad. Similar damage the reputation of a defendant is ever as is the case that the plaintiff had deliberately damage the reputation of a defendant to be detrimental to the defendant to publish a dialog to prevent damage should it occur directly And act in good faith to prevent damage to the defendant to an action in good faith, thus to prevent the wrong person under canal. Not infringe on the plaintiff.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 5807/2533.
The Na Na defendant is located above the plaintiff. Of water will flow from the land through land drainage plaintiff defendant The defendant in the channel off the land to the defendant shall not flow into the soil damage. Rice seedlings in the field of preventing damage by the defendant is unlawful. Despite damage to the plaintiff. Defendant is not liable for the damages to the plaintiff.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 768/2521.
Disputing the plaintiff's car. Brother plaintiff morning to drive contract hauling wood to the company accused the three by his brother the plaintiff has cash wages in advance from the defendant, 3, also hauling wood for inadequate amount requested advance to the later, the plaintiff must Used car disputes. So the plaintiff brought his brother to drive people away from the defendant disputed the third defendant, an employee of a company that controls the third defendant truck wood already know that the dispute is the plaintiff's car. Have to ask police to seize cars track with regard to the dispute, but only that Brother still owe the plaintiff the defendant that its liabilities are as follows: three acts of a defendant's actions illegal and cause damage to the plaintiff. Constitute a violation of the plaintiff. Liable for damages resulting from the action. When the defendant first employed as defendants 3 had violated the plaintiff while acting for the benefit of the defendant third defendant, 3 is liable for damages resulting from the violation of the defendant to a cause in the position. is a juristic person under the Civil and Commercial Code, Section 76, if not required by the exception under Section 451 of the fourth defendant, a police car was following a dispute with the defendant and inform local police also seized a vehicle to dispute. When it appears that the action by order of the commander does not have a good faith. Personal liability.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 3347/2516.
Horse ID of the plaintiff as to accounted for a horse female defendants at first the space under the house of the defendant, a horse defendant, a rebel and kick a horse the plaintiff which is why the property of the defendant at a loss by the defendant, one did not agree with can be considered. There is a danger to the emergency. The defendant and three co-used bat horse of the plaintiff by the defendant to a request from that perpetrated by the need to protect the rights of the defendant to 1, that the defendant should bat, just to catch a horse of the plaintiff out. District home of the defendant but the defendant shared a stick horse beaten to death, the plaintiff's injury. It is unreasonable. All three defendants liable for compensation to the plaintiff.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 116/2513.
Building Construction plaintiff's land full of meat, the plaintiff. Country rock and then footpath on the footpath edge into the land of the defendant, which is adjacent The defendant agrees to assume the acquisition of rights over land. Which Property rights. When not writing and registered. Would lean Then, later told the defendant did not consent to the stone pavement, and advanced cars on the land of the defendant to the plaintiff had no right to use the land of the defendant, but the stone pavement, and cars. The acquisition of the land is not vested in the defendant.

When the defendant told the plaintiff to demolish the stone pavement, and cars away from the land of the defendant. The plaintiff refused to demolition. I like the defendant may not exercise judicial power to demolish arbitrarily Not eligible because of the provisions on amnesty If the demolition waste management itself. Violated the right of the plaintiff will be liable for compensation.

The Supreme Court 1617 - 1618/2500.
Defendant is Ayyawanhkorn of the temple. The plaintiff was told to demolish the building and tree planting lease aircraft to measure the temple will be excavated along the canal through. As agreed to hire him. The plaintiff acknowledges and how to deploy and manage not to come. Delay the measure until the contract hire and will dig out the defendant has the management of decommissioning. Building innovative and cutting trees outside the lease. Carefully tried to minimize the damage. To Canal then pile on the plaintiff such as this. Defendant is not guilty because of lost property lost property are not intended but Defendant liable for the violation to the plaintiff's property. Not exempt under Criminal Code Section 451 In addition to civil damages and ordinary damages, the court also thought by the civil process section 446 with another single one.

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Compensation for violations

Section 438 compensation to any place shall be used only by the court which is appropriate to the circumstances and the seriousness of the violation.
Furthermore, include compensation for the victim to return the property lost because of abuse or the price of such property, including damages, which should be used to enforce any damage. Which was created by itself.

Section 439 a person must return the property to pay other people because of their abuse is also responsible for all of the property is destroyed by accident or become impossible to restore property by reason otherwise. Accident or property is detrimental to the accident itself. Except when the property is destroyed or becomes impossible or detrimental to the night, although there do not abuse it would be rejected like that in itself.

Section 440 requires that if a person has taken his wealth to good use if the price of the property less good because the damage. The injured party is called the interest amount will have to make up time from which the location of the base price is about time.

Article 441 If a person must use to claims. Any damage. It took the better of his movable property. Or because the damage to his good. With the compensation to individuals who dominate it at the time the property taken or when the damage is already because of the disengagement shall be used for such Even outsiders are expected to own property or other rights over such property. Unless the rights of third parties such as the person who knows or does not know because of their gross negligence.

Section 442 if damage occurs because the fault of any one of the injured include know that You, the provisions of Section 223 shall apply mutatis mutandis.

Section 443 of the case led him to death, including claims. Value cremate including the cost of other necessary too.
If you did not die immediately. Compensation includes medical expenses and damages to the lost do not come because of work itself.
If that is the cause of death to any person to lack of free legal support also know that That person that you would like to receive compensation for it.

Section 444 in case of damage to body or health that the injured prefer to pay costs which they must pay, and compensation for the lost capacity of work completely or partly in the current time, and at. future time.
If in the courts is impossible to be sure intuition that the damage he has indeed how The court said in that sentence to Reserves the right to modify the sentence again within a period not exceeding two years.

Section 445 of the case led him to death or injury to body or health better if he lost the freedom better. If the injured. Are bound by the law would require you to work as individuals. Outside the household or outside the industry know that You need to remember that the person who claims would have required compensation to a third party to which he is to be a lack of workers with

Section 446 If the damage to his body or health. If he loses the freedom The injured to demand compensation for the damage out something else which is not the money with more time. Claims which are not transferable and do not fall prosperity to the heir unless the right conditions, it has been earmarked by the contract or has begun to bring a lawsuit under the right then.
Furthermore, because women have damaged any criminal wrong doing is to their moral Durn it would have similar claims.

Section 447 allows any person to damage his reputation to be damaged when they requested the court may order the person to make appropriate management. The good reputation of the back instead of using damages or compensation by time and use.

Section 448 claims for damages caused, but the data breach. You that expire after one year from the date of the injured student to. Should be aware of the violation and require compensation or after ten years. But the date of the violation.
But if the claims data in which the offense. Punishable under criminal law of the old and the criminal is longer than the above know that You took the life of the longer comes into force.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 10878/2551.
The plaintiff's complaint alleged that the defendants 1 to 4, which conspired to www.ccbenchmarking.com Directors in a meeting of directors and has agreed to sell land to the eight defendants. The directors and shareholders of the Company and third parties at a price lower than the price. Assessment and the market price of the company is damaged. Violations perpetrated by the company. In a manner which claims that the director causing damage to the company. When it appears that the company refused to sue a defendant to the 4 that its board of directors. The plaintiff, a shareholder of the Company shall have the power to remove the case B. This was to admonish the defendant claims 1 to 4, the director of the Commercial Code Section 1169 as the first paragraph and the plaintiff shall have the authority to request enforcement. Accused 1 and 2, the Land Board to transfer the 25 to convert back to corporations. If it can not be transferred back to the land instead. Because the property is returned or the person is classified as a claim for violation of the Commercial Code as provided in paragraph 438, but the plaintiff has no power to force the defendant to sue for 5 to 8, which is not the liability of Directors to transfer land. 19 converted back to the company or pay compensation to the company. It is not in accordance with the rules and Commercial Code, Section 1169, paragraph one

Judgement of the Supreme Court 8888/2551.
The three defendants from the Director of the School since November 6, 2535 the defendant has no duty to control third commander in charge of various operations. The school since that date. Shall not be liable for the defendant to a misappropriation of funds from the November 6, 2535 onwards, but the Department of General Education, the plaintiff does not attest to that funds the defendant a misappropriation until the defendant to three retired Director of the school. number. Shall not be assigned to the three defendants jointly liable for the entire amount.

General Education Department, the Department of plaintiff is in the government's Department of General Education, a Department of General Administration of Education is authorized to act on behalf of the plaintiff and attorney. With the prosecution. According to State Administration. The provisions of the law can not be used for general corporate seal to be of Plaintiff to sign the power of attorney to prosecute to the plaintiff.

On the General Education Department complaint against the plaintiff police officer even considered that The plaintiff knew of the infringement and then. I have not considered the plaintiff aware of it should require compensation on such date by when the Investigation Committee investigation is completed and the report of the investigation to the Director of General Education Department that accused the three who should be the compensation by then considered the plaintiff to know. and knowing violation. ID should be required from such claims. Appears that the Acting Deputy Director General of the Department of General Education, received the report of investigation. Committee's inquiry on July 14, 2537 plaintiffs filed suit on July 13, 2538 and does not expire.

The third defendant fails to comply with the Regulations of the Ministry of Finance and keep the money and bringing money to send. Warehouse District, and the duties of District 2520 Article 20 and Article 37 by the three defendants not to appoint auditors to get paid daily to check the receipts and payments on a daily basis is why can not verify. found the defendant guilty of negligence, thus one of the three defendants are not related to the provisions of the Tort Liability Act 2539 authorities enforce these provisions, because after the events of this case. To the provisions of that law to apply to this case can not

The second defendant was appointed by the three defendants to be responsible for overseeing the review and check for payment to be chairman storage. Money for the defendant on count 2, is not a review of the pay day according to Ministry of Finance. To keep the money and bringing money to send the library functions of the District 2520 District and Article 20 and Article 37 of the third defendant is liable for the consequences of the negligence of such person.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 7518/2551.
Plaintiff's complaint claims that All three defendants are officers of the plaintiff under. The impaired performance. Be careful not to store supplies. Does not ensure that the supplies were stored exactly as it appears in inventory control accounts or not. The result was that inventory kept in the storage room inventory loss. Claims that the three defendants took the property in the manner and taking possession. Property is non-refundable. Claims based primarily on the charges of the plaintiff's complaint is a matter of using Claims for damages caused, but the data violated the one-year old Civil and Commercial Code, Section 448, paragraph one, not the 10-year old Civil and Commercial Code, Section 193/30 plaintiff filed this lawsuit after the expiration of one year. from the date of knowledge of the infringement and the will should be aware of the claims. Plaintiff's claims, so terminate the.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 5588/2551.
In addition, the plaintiff's complaint that the defendant, will present the two together intentionally compromised. Clearing and digging ponds and fish in the land of the plaintiff. The plaintiff also sued another lecture that Alternatively, the two defendants with negligence action. Check that the defendant did not land either as a land invasion of the defendant or both. This action by negligence is a criminal offense when they are prescribed. It expressly provides that such negligence is a fault. But action by the negligence of two defendants sued by the plaintiff in the lecture. This case is not in any form. Por the Forest Act or other laws of land or any criminal penalty. The plaintiff filed this complaint it is alleged that the defendants violated both the. The plaintiff only Not confirm that the two defendants guilty criminal is not in the age of criminal. Longer than the force. But requires a prescription, violation of the Commercial Code, Section 448, paragraph one of the plaintiff have to claims for damages within one year from the date the plaintiff knew of the infringement and the will should be aware of the claims.

The two defendants to take possession and then Unnsrngrong clearing of mangrove forest to serve without the right to ever come like this. Can be considered as a continuing violation since the plaintiffs ever to detect. It will feature such acts continue to attest that the plaintiff has proven that. So long as the two defendants did not give away. Violations still exist, which is why the plaintiff may enforce any claims. Until the two defendants to stop making violations. In the past one year to sue the two defendants do not stop the abuse. The plaintiff has the right to claim back a year from the date of the plaintiff to bring a lawsuit until August 31, 2542 the damages from a violation of both the defendant back a year from the date filed. Does not terminate the. For damages in excess of one year only and expire.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 5391/2551.
In the case of civil court judge must hold the facts as they appear in the Judgement of the Criminal Cases under Section 46 Criminal Code Procedure appeared to stop listening to the facts in the criminal case, but only that both the plaintiff and other defendants. Negligence. However, any negligence over the same does not appear so in the civil case, both the plaintiff and the defendant shall be attest to see who recklessly over each other and should be subject to damages from the other party, just do it Court case of pricey to be. in accordance with the provisions of the law also requires. Person's civil liability. Regardless of whether the defendant is sentenced or not the offense that P.wi.o. Section 47 paragraph one and the provisions of the law on the liability of individuals in civil cases in different Parties negligence caused the debt in violation of this Section 442 Commercial Code, the provisions of Section 223 shall apply mutatis mutandis Article 223, paragraph one, which is important is that the damage has occurred because of which side is. generate less. What is more just and Article 438, paragraph one states that the court decision on compensation appropriate to the circumstances and the bad. Therefore, the abuse of power that can claim damages from the defendants that the plaintiff was required to prove that Than the plaintiff and the defendants recklessly damaged by the negligence of any more, just how is the Court of First Instance in civil cases the plaintiff has the power to decide whether the defendant who is a party. Negligence, anytime. Not contrary to the Criminal Court in the case. The District Court ruled that. Negligence, rather than the defendant.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 4751/2551.
The plaintiff filed a descriptive meaning that The plaintiff is the lawful wife of S., who died with three children who died who are responsible for the plaintiff and child care support all three of the plaintiff. The defendant made a violation a cause of death is dead, the three sons of the plaintiff and the plaintiff. Have no lack of support. Therefore like to call the lack of child support without the plaintiff and the plaintiff such a meaningful enough to understand that. Three sons like to call the plaintiff's claim as a sure enough of their rights. But because of the three sons of a minor plaintiff has not filed or the case itself. The plaintiff then sued the mother and Representatives for election instead. Would hold that the plaintiff sued on behalf of children with all three by default. The plaintiff has the power to take legal action without the lack of support of minor children have all three.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 4621/2551.
The plaintiff sued the defendant to misappropriate Misappropriation of school funds of the plaintiff which is the responsibility of the defendant. A request by the defendant forced to return the funds plus interest to the plaintiff. Indictment is returned to retrieve property from the defendant to take plaintiff's property. Abuse as the plaintiff has the right to own property, which took back on track and Commercial Code Section 1336 is not a legal action against the violation occurred, but information. No man is the subject of age, in violation of provisions of the Commercial Code, Section 448 and the prosecution the right to take property back from the track have no right to rely on the Civil and Commercial Code Section 1336 with no time limit. the owner of property rights, such as this. The plaintiff's case does not terminate the.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 4466/2551.
Civil complaint, the parties do not have to lift up the laws cited in the complaint only. Alleged facts and arguments that the defendant is liable enough. Court shall have the power to lift up to fine law to judge the case by the fact that the availability of Section 134 P.wi.po. case the plaintiff to sue government agencies and officials to liability for infringement. Must be in accordance with the Act, the liability of the officers violated the Act as the court has the power to bring such cases to adjust to this.

Archery bow of the incident is used as the Department of English drama, the four defendants responsible for teaching these students, so in addition to the four defendants will have to do to teach students knowledge in the Thai language. Also considered the four defendants have been assigned to students who have a child to be safe. To behave in the regulations of the school. Not to cause a lot of trouble for any damages to others that accused the four students to order school supplies to bow to the four defendants should be used carefully. Anticipated or foreseen that the bow may be harmful to your body. If they used to play on each shot and did not order the defendant to four students to bow to the destroyed or stored in a safe or forbidden. To the bow to play. It appears that there are many other arrows in the classroom spaces, such as the nature of teaching practices, but generally follow four defendants and did not like is the lack of diligence and negligence. Not a circumstance beyond which can not be expected to occur at two petition by the defendant in any way. Case holding that the four defendants had violated the plaintiff's cause damage to the body. The defendant to four to teach English to students grade 2 school pharmacist. The duty governor as a representative of the defendant to 2 on the performance governor that the defendant, 4 the plaintiff one student. The English course damage to the body 2, the defendant must be liable to the plaintiff in violation of the defendant, 4 have done in the performance of duties. Tort Liability Act's Section 5, paragraph one of the officers.

Plaintiff has been damaged to the body has filed a charge in the Eye of 50,000 baht and damages for the loss of work capacity of 100,000 baht, the second defendant is liable for damages to the plaintiff under the law. Even if someone donated the money to the plaintiff, and then some, it may not liability. Like the law of the defendant to be reduced to 2 with Is not the money that the school pharmacist. And the defendant, 5 assist the plaintiff of 35,000 deducted from the damages that the court require the defendant to two shall be liable for damages to the plaintiff by the defendant to second petition that Sreouthrnntprc 4 the cost. treatment and compensation of 30,000 baht for the loss of work ability or a total of 50,000 Baht 80,000 Baht per se but to the circumstances and severity of the violation. And that the plaintiff has caused damage to voluntarily risk playing archery. Put together with the defendant, 5 and 5, it is the defendant liable under the civil court was also absent from the Court of Appeal in Region 4 and the appropriate compensation, both the total amount of 80,000 baht is not an amount higher than the reality.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 3621/2551.
When the water pump to the plaintiff in the plaintiff's fishing pond with water due to plant toxins. The defendant's release effluents into public ditches, and cause the fish in the pond of fish. The plaintiff's death. The defendant can not prove that Water from the plant of the defendant to drain into the sewer ditch and flowing into the public. The water is clear and free of chemicals harmful to living organisms. Including fish in the fish pond of the plaintiff. Testimony alone, without thinking No other evidence supported only by expert witnesses. There is no weight to listen. Weight of evidence of the plaintiff than the defendant's evidence. Listening to the fact that Because the fish in the pond fish caused by the death of the plaintiff, the defendant violated.

Although plaintiffs do not have evidence that shows obvious damage. But the circumstance of the case attest that the plaintiff show damage of the fish in fish ponds of the plaintiff. The court shall determine the appropriate damages to the plaintiff's circumstances and severity of abuse.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 3103/2551.
Cases, the plaintiff sued the defendant to pay damages for breach of data that has the issue in dispute. Just what damage the plaintiff. The plaintiff has the burden of proof. To decide whether the plaintiff has been damaged just do it. Required to attest the facts from which the parties are finished. When the plaintiff's attorney stated for the plaintiff as successor Sat oral testimony first. The plaintiff confirmed that S. sees the occupation of the plaintiff. When not listening to the testimony would not know that Sat is to see hear or know about the message on to give witness to come with their own direct or not, and the plaintiff's evidence on the issue will attest. This is as much weight. Circumstances of the plaintiff does not delay the case. The District Court concluded that the urgent Sat know the facts about the plaintiff's career is a direct witnesses to abstain. The plaintiff's mouth. The plaintiff will have claims itself as a witness only one mouth. Then by the courts have not heard the full facts first. Determines that the District Court did not comply with the provisions of Civil Procedure on the consideration of Section 243 (2).

Judgement of the Supreme Court 2335/2551.
The first plaintiff and the defendant at a separate damages or claims that a defendant agreed to pay to the plaintiff as the first of two parts. The first part of the damages, including loss of property which is land. Building town houses of the first plaintiff has been damaged by any one who has not estimated correctly and the survey by the Institute, which both Within both parties agree that a defendant in October 2537, the contractor will be responsible for damage that occurred, and values. Spending in all polls. The second part, including claims of nuisance and safety Nuisance trouble about Life and Health. The damage to the latter part of this defendant, one has to pay to the plaintiff that an extensive period of time since the dispute until the month in December 2537 and a 500,000 baht, but if the construction of the structure of the building is not completed within the period of the defendant, one also. to give compensation to the plaintiff that a more per month 35,000 baht since January January 2538 onwards are not calculated together plaintiffs who first is still entitled to receive compensation for damages in the property which the Agreement Article 1 of the plaintiff. The first received no pay.

Agreement Article 1. It says. Damage to buildings that could damage buildings Town House Law is implemented. Survey Institute, which both parties agree by March in October 2537 not to agree to pay much money. The parties agreed to pay when and where and how the agreement is still a defendant liable for violation of the original debt. Is not an agreed settlement between the plaintiff and defendant, a memorandum of agreement which will make such a compromise agreement. The liability of a defendant in violation of debt remains the third defendant, who must be hired jointly liable for the defendant to have an under the Commercial Code, Section 428.

The contract the defendant first must be constructed according to plan and order the defendant to 3 on the defendant to three of employment, a fault in the work order to do so must share with the defendant, a contractor liable for the. that a plaintiff's damages arising from the construction of large-scale protests, which have a house. House and various buildings. Located close to each other before.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 1104/2551.
The 5-year old Civil and Commercial Code, Section 193/33 (a) is a prescription for a debt unpaid interest. But debt is a claim that the defendants violated the plaintiff will have to pay to reduce Instead of the plaintiff's damages. Owe money to the defendant to the plaintiff to pay all the days immediately after the default is. Date of violation to do so to. Non-interest income is due to have an age limit of 5 years under Section 193/33 (a) and interest in the case of debt arising from a data breach law has no age. Particularly sensitive. Therefore the age of 10 years under Section 193/30.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 874/2551.
The plaintiff is a corporate type company. Would be expressed by the representative of the plaintiff is authorized to sign on behalf of the plaintiff under the Commercial Code, Section 70 paragraph two S. Position Maintenance Position Wed network and director of the emergency repair network cable. is the only employee of the plaintiff. Even to hear that both of the reason has been breached and Wed which is a power to fix the company contracted to repair and complete B.. This act is considered as a representative of the plaintiff and the recognition that The plaintiff company is the company violated the defendant from the crime scene on June 15, 2540 Sat and Wed, but it has the power only in the framework of their duties only, and no power to prosecute Accused in the case where the defendant did not pay for repairs to the plaintiff is not considered to be Wed to Sat, and representatives of the plaintiff in the old sense of the claim under article 448, paragraph one of the 1 year old, so therefore Start from the Board authorized the plaintiff knew of the infringement and should be aware of. Not require compensation from the Sor Por know when or authorized the infringement of the plaintiff and should be aware of the value is used. Claims on August 10, 2541, the same day authorized the filing of this lawsuit. The plaintiff filed this lawsuit on August 19, 2541 does not terminate the plaintiff sued.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 516/2551.
Power to sue in the plaintiff's case is the result of the actions of the employee in violation of that. Employment, or agency of the defendant. However, because the plaintiff received physical disabilities and brain injuries have been affected. And unable to help themselves to action that day. The plaintiff then sued his wife, the case on behalf of the plaintiff, it appeared that the complaint that Before filing this lawsuit that. The application to the Central Juvenile and Family Court asking the court ordered that the plaintiff is a person As incompetent and set that. As custodian Central Juvenile and Family Court, but not an order. Later, after plaintiff filed this case, the Central Juvenile and Family Court ordered that Plaintiff's symptoms are not as incompetent. But they look insane person under Commercial Code, Section 28, it ordered that The plaintiff is incompetent and that stay in the nursery. Listening to the facts, so that The plaintiff is a person of unsound mind since that. So while applying for the plaintiff filed this lawsuit is a person of unsound mind, which is considered a disability under Section 56 Civil Code Procedure plaintiff may offer the accused the court must comply with the provisions of such laws by Must have a guardian as the representative. But litigation is not a court order that set. Is that the plaintiff curator. Are not entitled on behalf of the plaintiff was accused of offering itself. Which is the only deficiency in talent. Is not no power to sue. When the Central Juvenile and Family Court to order that set. Is that the plaintiff curator. Are authorized to bid on behalf of the plaintiff in the plaintiff's charges. The defect in this ability to edit old as amended by Section 56 on a request to the court and the court's order that set. A preschool and then act on behalf of the plaintiff. Because they lack in talent away. The plaintiff filed a bug, but instead shall be completed by the beginning of this fix.

Defendant to the plaintiff to violate the plaintiff's injury, severe physical disabilities. Brain has been affected until the court as incompetent. Loss of ability to work entirely in the present and future, must resign from the government even if the plaintiff does not attest to the damage of course. Courts have the power to determine the compensation to be reasonable for the circumstances and severity of the violation if the defendant claims that the incident did not violate it unlikely that plaintiff would receive government until Retired or not. And may receive the pension. It is the right of the plaintiff to be the favorite already. Not related to the liability of the defendant.

Expenses in the hospital for a television and refrigerator in room patients. The electrical equipment necessary to facilitate patients and people look after The hospital provided in the room already. Is a necessary cost to pay to the plaintiff. Defendant is liable to the plaintiff.

The Supreme Court 8271 - 8272/2550.
Defendant, a government official accused the Department of Highway 2 when the accident the defendant driving a vehicle of the Government to inspect the scene and collided with a car that is driving m m cause with two passengers in the car. dead. Despite official order filed with the Village, but even the opinion of the officer under investigation is not reported as fact. Appear in the Court of Criminal cases do not have a P.wi.o. Section 46 of the civil courts. Facts, the court need not hold the opinion of the officers. Diagnostic evidence in this case would be as the parties attest

In case of violation of many people who do. A violation of everyone must share liability for damage caused by the violation of the plaintiff in full.

Costs relating to merit a funeral. Making history book of the dead and the value of the gift distribution in funeral So as to pay for expenses necessary and appropriate management. The funeral of the deceased plaintiff is entitled to a claim by the two defendants, even a plaintiff who is also a minor, and his wife, Wed ผoogแdnodicobhrnrnam is not married to the deceased did not make. Liability in this part of the two defendants is reduced.

Why even abuse cases occurred before Tort Liability Act, the enforcement officer, but when the plaintiff filed this case in four days. The enforcement of this Act. The plaintiff's right to sue state officials or agencies to liability for breach is. Must be in accordance with this Act, so when the case appears that the defendants violated a plaintiff to act in the performance of the second defendant the plaintiff is forbidden to sue the defendant under Section 1 of 5. Tort Liability Act, the staff that this problem even without a party, but a petition which raised issues concerning law. With public order. The Supreme Court has the power to raise their own decision as Civil Code Procedure Section 142 (5).

Judgement of the Supreme Court 8615/2550.
Both lectures this case the plaintiff sued the defendant for damages, alleging that the defendant took. The plaintiff sued both false in court. The plaintiff intends to both criminal penalties. Both the plaintiff was damaged-looking criminal charges. It is a civil lawsuit related to criminal cases. Both the plaintiff filed a criminal defendant is charged with filing false and perjury. Case is under consideration by the Court of First Instance. The lawsuit filed this claim in the data, which violate the penalties must be used Criminal Code statute of which is longer than the force Which under the provisions of Section defendant was sued as criminal offenses that Maximum penalty of imprisonment not exceeding 5 years, this case is 10 years old and does not terminate the plaintiff's case.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 7673/2550.
Plaintiff to drive motorcycles at high speed. As well as the junction with the plaintiff's car had to slow down to avoid an accident when the plaintiff did not perform correctly under the Road Traffic Act 2522 Section 70 of negligence, the plaintiff has in it. "

Taxi car accident is the second defendant's name and seal of the defendant attached to the second door on both sides. People who have seen the need to understand that the defendant's car at two of the defendants 2 to allow a defendant to bring a car to go get the passengers on behalf of two defendants accused publicly by the two beneficiaries with Was accused of two manipulation to the defendant that a representative of the defendant at 2 in the loading of passengers accused the two are liable to third parties of good faith, as if the defendant, a representative of the person under the Civil and Commercial Code, Section 821, and must jointly liable for the actions of the defendant that a violation of the plaintiff under Section 427 of the 425 defendants 3 and 4 are not limited liability partnership of the two defendants are also jointly liable with

Result of a violation of the defendant to the plaintiff's damages must be disabled. Disability is incurred other damage which is not monetary. Plaintiffs to claim damages by this section. Decision and the Court shall have power to appropriate to the circumstances and the seriousness of the violation. Civil and Commercial Code, Section 438.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 6291/2550.
Debt that the defendant received a letter of liability to the plaintiff for damage caused by the defendant. Is that the plaintiff's attorney. Which is considered as a plaintiff and the defendant as agent Civil litigation and the defendant did not call back loans, but Por fake compromise agreement that the defendant was sued Por Por and have committed to a compromise settlement to the plaintiff liable to the plaintiff damages. Damage incurred by the plaintiff is caused by the defendant is not represented by the Commercial Code, Section 812, which contain no provisions on age, especially Therefore the age of 10 years under Section 193/30 debt liability under the letter is not the case for violation of the required age of 1 year under section 420, 448.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 4352/2550.
Damages to the lost do not come because of work under the Commercial Code, Section 443, paragraph two of the abuse claims need to remember the victims do not die. But the lost do not come because of work only. Find it claims that the violations need to use it after the injured victims. The dead, with no

Judgement of the Supreme Court 928/2550.
Both the lower court sentenced the defendant to pay 1 to 2 share the lack of wireless support 240,000 baht, with 7.5 percent interest per annum from the date of the violation until the payment is made. Which is equal to the co-pay each plaintiff cared for 120,000 baht plus interest. The value which the plaintiff Value cremate two togetherValue cremate both the lower court for Both defendants liable for 66,800 baht and 7.5 percent interest per year from the date of the violation. Although indebted to the plaintiff, both a right to participate can not be separated owe the plaintiff's individual, but when combined with the lack of wireless support the rights of the plaintiff, each not exceeding 200,000 baht funds to settlement for the defendant to one. 2, with each person in the plaintiff class is not more than 200,000 petition to prohibit the petition in fact Civil Code Procedure Section 248, paragraph one

The two defendants did not make a fight in which both the plaintiff received compensation from insurance companies. Then an issue since the defendant in a civil court even if the second layer will attest, it is considered a non-attest to the forbidden or approved by Civil Code Procedure considered is the fact that Section 87 does not raise the same admonition. ago by the likes of First Instance. And Court of Appeal Region 3 and not with problems concerning public order. Forbidden to petition under Section 249, paragraph one

Money to help the two defendants made a corpse for 10,000 baht to help the plaintiff Peongspo two parts according to humanitarian principles. The second defendant is not a help with the funeral and did not confess to deliver as part of compensation. But the merit in a manner in which the moral conscience. Therefore be offset against the amount the plaintiff Peongspo both claim not to sue.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 923/2549.
The lease agreement will be made and such rent as agreed, then. Would hold a lease. Room without prior notice. Defendant, a tenant is required to return the building to rent to the lessor of the plaintiff that the defendant refused to return the building to rent. A breach of the lease and the defendant also owned building leased to the plaintiff. Agree to act in violation of the plaintiff. The plaintiff shall be entitled to claim damages from both defendants for infringement and breach of contract based only on the base penalty claims breach of contract, then take the plaintiff can not exercise. Claims for infringement can. Because it damages the same case information.

Lease agreement, Room No. 10, Article 1, paragraph two indicate that When the lease maturity or terminated for any reason, "the lease" to deliver facilities leased back to the "lessor" immediately if the "tenant" can not deliver facilities leased back to the "lessor. "Lessee" agrees to pay the fine, "Lessor" 2000 baht a day after the due date until the date of delivery of delivery of the leased facilities back to the "lessor" already The agreement set forth in damages if the lessee did not breach of contract. Can deliver the building to rent back to the lessor immediately. The plaintiff has the right to damages under the lease, but the second paragraph of Article 1 of penalty is set too high section Courts have the power was reduced to a reasonable number of the Commercial Code, Section 383 has.

Lease agreement, Room No. 11, Article 8, paragraph two states that when a termination of the lease, then no matter if any "tenant" must move away from the rental immediately. If not, exit to allow for damages and fines amounting to 2,000 baht per day, "Lessor" every day until they move away. Specified conditions to allow damages only if the termination of the lease as the lease is different from building, Room No. 10, but even if the lease expires or terminated at the expiration of the lease not The conditions that the plaintiff will be entitled to claim breach of contract, the base rent. But plaintiffs also claim damages for infringement by the defendant which the plaintiff described. Attest to the prosecution and the number of damages caused by violations, then. The court has the power to determine damages appropriate to the circumstances and the severity of the Commercial Code, Section 438 violates the first paragraph.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 3913/2548.
Both plaintiffs sued to force the two defendants jointly liable with the employer as a defendant, an employee who violated the plaintiff, both in the official employment. When the defendant to an action in violation of the plaintiff, both defendants two are also jointly liable with the defendant, one of the effects of abuse that the defendant, 3, a managing partner of the defendant to two, it must be jointly liable on all debts of the defendant to two by unlimited number of the Commercial Code, Section 1077 (2), 1087.

Determining the compensation shall be used solely by any such place. Be appropriate to the circumstances under the circumstances and the seriousness of the violation. While the incident that a plaintiff is 14 years old studying in grade 2, which would continue to operate career are as sober people. After the accident the plaintiff had symptoms of an unconscious cerebral edema. Skull collapsed. Bleeding under the scalp must be treated with surgery of the skull. Treatment may take a year longer. After surgery, then a plaintiff who remains in a brain does not recognize. Can not help themselves unable to say all the time to hire an administrator and does not appear to be able to keep a plaintiff who healed them. Now that a plaintiff can not help themselves like this. Would allow a plaintiff to lose the ability to follow the career of a completely plaintiff has been damaged. Regardless of whether they must be professional in any way that a plaintiff must suffer from the surgery and Thung disabilities can not help themselves throughout life. Both the lower court for damages to a plaintiff who lost the ability to work as a payment of $ 500,000 and other compensation for damage other than the monetary amount of $ 500,000 and appropriate.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 2341/2548.
While the accident the boy Rs. Son of the plaintiff driving vehicles change the channel bus from the field bus 2, a channel bus 1, and away from the intersection about 30 meters, which is where the car will turn right to close the far right of the bus. as Road Traffic Act if the defendant, who ran in a channel on a bus to slow down the speed of the car to slow down like other vehicles, it is not an accident car crash. Motorcycles to ride in front. It can be stopped immediately. After the accident the defendant does not help that one. And does not represent a notification to the competent official. Which the circumstances of the offense and knew that he fled. Because collision is caused by the negligence of the defendant: 1.

The lack of benefit to the mother of the boy-Rs. Does not constitute a job during the monitored care boys Rs. Not damage the boy Rs. Should call in case people do abuse the boy Rs. The boys Rs. Has been. injury to body or health under Commercial Code, Section 444, 445 and 446.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 1409/2548.
Civil and Commercial Code, Section 443 paragraph three of the violations that led him to death if the person liable to be no lack of specific support that the deceased is responsible for legal support, but Section 1563 and Section 1564 provided for the children and parents must support each other raising the children and parents by means legitimate only There are no provisions define the rights and obligations to support parents need child illegitimate child illegitimate father, so even certified as eligible The Dharma heir legacy of his father. But I do not claim the dependent care from parents. Has no right to take legal action without support from the lack of violations.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 6303/2547.
A. the boy must be disabled. Can not walk normally, and excretion. A. have held that the boy has lost the ability of future work in progress and destruction of life that can not be damaged by the occupation, it is normal. Damage that can not be entirely the work of present and future time when the defendant's violation of the first boy to be handicapped for life a.. The two plaintiffs damages for the loss of the ability to work as Commercial Code, Section 444, paragraph one, and disability that occurs also in case of damage to your beloved. Suffering both physically and mentally a very serious boy is born with g, while only 6 years old, both the plaintiff has no right to claim damages under the Civil and Commercial Code, Section 446 money with damages. does not overlap and do not damage the same.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 2110/2547.
Car of the plaintiff was the defendant, one who is an employee of the defendant to two violations, the official employment on February 26, 2539, Governor of Khon Kaen province has ordered a Board Investigations into the liability in civil later, on July 12. Investigation Committee for 2539 male civil liability to a report of investigation submitted to the Governor of Khon Kaen province that Two defendants are responsible for all civil. The Deputy Governor of Khon Kaen province, Acting. The governor of Khon Kaen acknowledge on July 13, 2539 Later, Khon Kaen province to investigate a report of the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Public Health The Acting Deputy Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Health Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Health signed. Acknowledged on October 7, 2539 it held that the plaintiff was aware of abuse and should be aware of the need to use Loss on October 7, 2539 plaintiff filed the case on August 4, 2540 does not terminate the plaintiff sued.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 5128/2546.
Money that the plaintiff received from the Social Security Office is the compensation that the plaintiff should be entitled to the conditions and rules of the Compensation Act 2537 Section 18 is not compensation for violations. The plaintiff has no right to claim lack of support under the Civil and Commercial Code, Section 443 paragraph three, the defendant can not be taken for compensation to the plaintiff should be entitled to such exemption for the lack of wireless support is.
The lack of wireless support is a debt arising from a data breach that has occurred from the time a violation is not aimed at debt in the future. And the Civil and Commercial Code, Section 206 accounts in default shall be deemed to violate the time to do. The plaintiff shall be entitled to charge interest rates of 7.5 percent per year, the lack of wireless support, a debt default one in the first paragraph of section 224.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 5751/2544.
The State Railway of Thailand can not send a defendant to 9, both the plaintiff and other passengers on the train to derail it in front of the nine defendants duty is to provide other transportation vehicles, both the plaintiff and other passengers to give up. Destination, which of the passenger under the Civil and Commercial Code Section 608609 and the Act of State Railway of Thailand, the Section 9 (7) unloading passengers of the defendant, 3, 5 and 8 of the train of the defendant at 9 it appears to the plaintiff whole. Second and third parties that back and forth between the train station to the station L c. it is done instead of the defendant. 9 9 Nitiseampoanht between the defendant and the defendant to 3 to 5 and 8 are in position and the agent under the Civil and Commercial Code, Section 797.

Non-monetary damages under the Civil and Commercial Code, Section 446 means that the damage can not calculate the amount of such damage, but this might be the result. Stemmed from the need to remedy the violations, or replace the damage as well, which may have damaged more than damage to the body as well. Non-monetary losses such as Pain suffering the medical disability or disabilities to continue. Damage such as this that the court has legal authority to determine the circumstances and the bad. Strength of the violation. Losses due to non-monetary damages would be equivalent to attest how the amount is not in the body. Considering the nature of how wound healing, which have a bearing on the surgery and plaster cast multiple times. Have been treated for a long time in 3 years suffer the pain of the wound during treatment, which is a long time. Moreover, the left arm of the state that a plaintiff must be disabled for life and free personality as a result of surgery to the arm. Shorter than the left-right-hand man Treated as a non-monetary damages to the plaintiff. 1 would like to claim.

Plaintiff 2, to leave work to take care of the plaintiff at one with all that I need to earn money as expenses for medical treatment, Plaintiff 1, as well as the livelihood of the plaintiff that a round during the proceedings till the last for a long time. In addition, more than 10 years in the case of a violation of the plaintiff to claim interest from the date of such violation in accordance with the Civil and Commercial Code, Section 206, but the plaintiffs did not claim an interest prior to filing with The lower court determined that both defendants pay interest at a rate of 9 percent per year, 15 of damages under the Civil Procedure Code, Section 142 (6) is well

Judgement of the Supreme Court 2046/2541.
In determining compensation for the violation shall be used solely by any such place. Civil and Commercial Code, Section 438, first paragraph, the court may order appropriate to the circumstances and The seriousness of the violation. When people across the damaged bridge. The car that the defendant was driving hit a bend in a joint bid documents and the only bridge repair that costs up to 364,800 baht, a large percentage of the forklift truck into the bridge. And up, and the wood for a scaffold supporting the bridge. Repair of the bridge point to be edited and changed. Structural steel for new money only 56,560 baht, however, plaintiff did not repair the bridge. Because the plaintiff has improved highways and the area is a 10 lane bridge has been demolished to. Assigned to the defendant used the plaintiff damages of 70,000 baht is appropriate.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 3668/2540.
Ministry of Interior to order the plaintiff's release from a government order under the Civil Service Act BE 2495, Section 103 of the Civil Service Act BE 2485 Section 60 (2) and 62 administrative order is not a legal act. According to the Civil and Commercial Code. Need to adjust the timing of administrative cases. When the Civil Service Act has no deadline to sue to bring the case to the Court for the revocation of such order. Compared needed a law that is very similar characteristics violations under the Civil and Commercial Code Article 4, paragraph two of Article 448, paragraph one

Judgement of the Supreme Court 2751/2540.
Compensation for such violations. Return the property to pay the victim to abuse or use assets because it As well as the damages should be forced to use for any damage which has sparked up the meaning of section 438 with the second paragraph of the Commercial Code, so the lack of benefits derived from the rent it is considered. damages should one be forced to use to create more damage to itself. If the plaintiff's possession of a vehicle utilizing the dispute itself that a plaintiff shall be entitled to claim this section with When the plaintiff that a grant of possession use in the car dispute the plaintiff the 2 to make violation of the defendant has affected the rights of the plaintiff the 2 direct the plaintiff to 2, so shall be entitled to damages because of lack of benefit derived from the rent. the same like the one plaintiff without the plaintiff must have a second bond or equity in any one that is liable to a plaintiff.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 4109/2539.
The defendant, 2 the truck to park near the train even in the parking lot of the Port Authority of ordinary prudence would be expected that the train ride down the rails should have the freedom from obstructions enough. not appropriate to prevent the accident slick road traffic collision Act Wed. Since 2522, Section 57 (8) states that it is prohibited to park vehicles away from the rail, less than 15 meters, but the second defendant did not perform under that law, which enacted to protect others when the accused 2, the car to park in the accident, whether as a phase 2 meters or 1 meter, it is a violation of law that the Civil and Commercial Code, Section 422 to assume that the defendant 2. is the wrong defendant, two are in violation of the plaintiff and are subject to informal hiring defendant first must be jointly liable as an employer under Section 425 of the help. drive train with a speed of about 15 miles per hour when passing a curve see the parking area of ​​a truck, several cars parked car near the defendant to two rail cars, but rather than help. Constant drive train with a speed same on closer in approximately 10 meters that can not drive past without incident grab collision, on the whistling danger with braking emergency, but could not stop the train on time in the state so Chor. Would be expected that people might grab the truck parked wrong train driving through the curve since then and that helps. Drive train speeds unchanged until the period which can not be stopped prior to the accident was considered help. The negligence by one, but the defendant, 2 the car to the park is not in a way that barrier rail clearly expect them to help. Need to take steps to stop the vehicle from surely will not see because the train runs along the rails, a force is the duty of leaders to park trucks will have to be careful over the negligence of the section. There are only two minor defendants are accused of negligence over the two to two-thirds of the liability for damages.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 6905/2538.
According to the Civil and Commercial Code, Section 445 and Section 1567 shows that if parents or Mothers who have given the guardianship of children to work duties to one. Household and any person to appear on child abuse, which is bound by law Will have to work for their parents until the death of a violation shall pay the value. Claims is the lack of labor in the household must provide parents with the lack of labor. And filed with the lack of a labor action that does not mean the lack of free support calls. Section 443, paragraph three While the dead are still alive, the plaintiff, both parents dead people. Death that allows operation of the company. The plaintiff has established both the plaintiff and all. Second, it is authorized to act on behalf of the company but that company. As a separate entity to the deceased allows operation of the company that. Assumes that the operation of the plaintiff's death, helped both by the dead, and when not to. The plaintiff's death, both have to hire outsiders to work on behalf of death is hired. Work for the company that. If a case of lack of labor to Wor. Is the person who must find the right workers lack both the plaintiff did not sue the plaintiff has no power either. A lack of workers from the defendant.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 5515/2538.
Movable ruler at the time was right to violate the settlement claims. From a breach by the Civil and Commercial Code, Section 441 shall have the right to make a compromise agreement on the bill are made. Silk replacement as well. The defendant negligent driving by people driving cars Sat, had a compromise agreement between the defendant with a Sat in that contract would be enforceable. Mae. Is not the owner of the vehicle driver and shall make claims that each Parties take over, then the suspension under Section 852 plaintiff, a car insurer that S. Drive, which has been repairing cars is not subrogation. Requested by the accused.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 6383/2537.
His wife has the right to take legal action for compensation from the other female identity and disclose to that They have sexual relations with her husband in the melody. According to the Civil and Commercial Code, Section 1521, paragraph two of compensation for damages as one means, including damage to the name. The sound of his wife and blessing. It was prescribed to them by the particular liability. Will take legal action for compensation by claiming a violation of rights under the Civil and Commercial Code, Section 420 and Section 447 shall be paid compensation on a monthly basis. From the date of filing until the termination identity and cease to have similar sexual relationship with her husband not another.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 4735/2534.
Representatives of the penalty the defendant ordered the plaintiff, both by the report of the Committee. Also held that the plaintiff did not know who should be liable for the claim. Later, the Investigation Committee for Civil Liability Report to the plaintiff's behalf by a hierarchy. Representative plaintiff acknowledged on November 18, 2523 is considered that the plaintiff should be aware of the need to use the compensation from that date. The plaintiff filed the case on November 3, 2524 does not terminate the plaintiff's case.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 3669/2531.
The plaintiff alleged that the defendants filed Lecture 1 to 3, functions as deliberate non-compliance convention Not supervise the receipt and sending money to the defendant as a result of 4 misappropriation of funds and allows the plaintiff to sue the plaintiff damages based on the data breach and the plaintiff shall be entitled to claim a impeachable The plaintiff sued the defendant to 1 to 3, the violation of general information. Data are not violated, which violate a criminal penalty. Is a 1 year old Civil and Commercial Code, Section 448, first paragraph, which begins after the age. From the date of the injured student to abuse and should be aware of the need and the compensation in case of a juristic person injured shall be the date on which representatives of corporations know this. The plaintiff is under a boom Sanitation Sheriff Kumphawapi chaired by the position that a defendant when the accident as the Chief District Officer Kumphawapi notice that ordered the defendant to the criminal defendant to a four and the second was to surrender on the same day. Notice of such non-notification of the defendants 1, a representative of the plaintiff and defendant, a constituent accused, it would be deemed aware of who is liable, the other is not still considered not as a representative plaintiff knew of the infringement. and know who is liable to a prescription from the date that the plaintiff must be deemed aware of persons liable for violations related to the defendant on the new sheriff Kumphawapi note from the report of the committee responsible for civil investigations related. fraud exists. When the plaintiff sued to no more than one year does not terminate the case.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 2258/2527.
The three accused persons of Transportation Bus. Rented a car of the defendant to 2 to use the bus passengers of their by the defendant, one who is an employee of the defendant, 2 the drivers are considered to be the defendant, an agent of the defendant to 3 on the defendant to a drive passenger cars. negligently hit the plaintiff was injured the defendant, 3 have jointly liable for the consequences of violations, the defendant, one with even the employer of the plaintiff would be out of medical expenses to the plaintiff to then find the defendant, a person who commits violation. plaintiff's termination liability to pay medical expenses not plaintiff has a right to sue for medical expenses from all three defendants.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 56/2527.
Filing a claim for abuse caused by negligence in the civil case. Unlike a lawsuit to punish the defendant for the base offense criminal negligence that the plaintiff would have to describe all the actions the defendant claims to have done exactly the wrong for civil cases. When the plaintiff sued description shows that the violation of a violation is committed intentionally or negligently, it is enough to understand that living is the main pretext of what the plaintiff alleged.
Describe the plaintiff sued the defendant, a truck driver trawl boats than required by law, and with negligence in the absence of careful driving. The result was carried away on a trawl boat hit by a car telephone and telephone poles have been damaged the plaintiff. This shows clearly that the claim is based on the principle of the plaintiff's charges then.

The Supreme Court 1731 - 1732/2526.
Of the collision because the driver's negligence, the plaintiff and the defendants are together. And no less than each other. Damages is to fold together.
The liability of the defendant, an employee is accused of two payments which can not be separated. When the defendant second employer not liable. Justice of the Supreme Court would give effect to a defendant, except by petition.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 1229/2517.
Filing a claim for abuse caused by negligence in the civil case. Unlike a lawsuit to punish the defendant for the base offense criminal negligence. The plaintiff must sue to describe all the actions the defendant claims to have done wrong, as clearly defined in the Code of Criminal Procedure, Section 158 for a civil case. When the plaintiff sued description shows that the violation of a violation is committed intentionally or negligently. Is enough to be understood that the claims based primarily charged with the plaintiff's how
The plaintiff sued the lecture. With the absence of negligence in the care of the driver driving the car registration number. E.b. 03951 3 and the defendant's network. Employee driving a vehicle registration number. C 0.00331 defendants 1, 2, causing the car two cars collided. Because of these collisions cause the containers of beer and soda bottles, which carried on the truck, vehicle registration number 00331 August fell on the plaintiff's car drive up and explode. Cause serious injury, the plaintiff has shown by clear, which is mainly based claims of the plaintiff's charges under the Code of Civil Procedure and Section 172.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 1204/2517.
Filing a claim for abuse caused by the negligence of other civil action to punish the defendant for the base offense by criminal negligence. The plaintiff must describe all the action claiming the defendant was clearly guilty under the Code of Criminal Procedure, Section 158, describes for the civil lawsuit when the plaintiff shows that a violation of a breach is committed intentionally or negligently. Is enough to understand that. Claims based primarily on the charges of what the plaintiff.
The plaintiff sued the lecture. Lorry driver Mr Move a registration number. C. 00331, which carried the beer and soda. Slick was driving collided with a car registration number 03951 E.b. why are beer and soda spill fall from car Was a 5252 vehicle registration number U.d. insured with the plaintiff's damages. Why grab a car collision occurred because of the negligence of the driver and vehicle registration number 00221 Aug motorists E.b. registration number is 03951 as shown by clear which claims to live by the principle of the plaintiff's charges. Code of Civil Procedure and Section 172.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 2010/2515.
Prosecution of a defendant, which took back the property of the plaintiff by the breach is not subject to prescription under the Civil and Commercial Code, Section 448.
Claims for damages from the defendant took the ground that the seizure documents and check from the plaintiff. (And then refused to return and terminate the case. And all rights to receive money from the bank) that the plaintiff has the right to demand compensation for damages when violations occur. Must be the age, the date of damage to the plaintiff. Not know the date of offense And should know who will need compensation.

Judgement of the Supreme Court 1016/2497.
Compensation for the violation. The court may require appropriate to the circumstances and the case May be calculated according to the court that the defendant received benefit from the violation. Without any charges.

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